Backyard composting is a controlled decomposition of organic food waste and yard trimmings in urban and suburban backyards, which produces a nutrient-rich top soil. Composting reduces waste source and not recycled, because the composted materials never enter the municipal waste stream. Read more..

Closed loop system (earth) Ecologists describe a closed-loop system as one that does not exchange matter with the outside world. Although the only truly closed-loop system may be the Earth itself, some industrial subsystems can approach closed loops, and the concept is useful as an ideal for assessing and inspiring improvements in industrial sustainability. Loops [...]

Design for disassembly is a way to make products so that it can easily and cost effectively be taken apart at the end of the life to recapture materials for recycling. However, this require a high degree of understanding how different material is recycled, for example.. Read more..

Environmental design is a new approach in planning consumer products and industrial processes that are ecologically sustainable and intelligent, and healthy both the environment and humans. Read more..

Glass recycling is a perpetual form of recycling. Unlike some other recycled products, a recycled bottle can be recycled into other glass bottle; this process can go on endlessly with no loss in quality or purity. Glass is 100% recyclable. Read more..

Heavy metal is a term used to describe a subset of a large number of metals and metalloids with high atomic(such as chromium, cadmium, arsenic and mercury), listed in the periodic table of the elements, which have properties of both metals and non-metals. Read more..

Optimal lifetimes Optimal lifetime is a word used to describe “the appropriate durability of a garment in its lifespan. In our modern society, most people don’t buy clothes just to cover basic human needs such as protection from cold weather or rain; parameter such as fit, comfort, look, and the colour is as important. Most [...]

Precycling is source reduction and reuse. In most waste management planning the hierarchy is Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle. Reduction and reuse are the first lines of defense against increasing waste volume. Read more..

Refashioned is a terminology used to describe a novel use of upcycled materials and crafting dead stock (materials not wanted or usable) of the high-speed society and transforming, stitched, patched into unique hand-made clothes. Refashioned is a philosophical and intellectual avant-garde creation using upcycled materials in a playful way.

Reverse logistics stands for all operations related with the flow of reuse of unwanted materials, goods or equipment back to the firm, through its logistics chain for reuse, recycling or disposal. Other terms synonymous to Reverse Logistics (RL) are Retrogistics, Aftermarket Logistics, or Aftermarket Supply Chain, Read more..

Scrap products that have completed their useful life, such as appliances, cars, construction materials, ships, and post-consumer steel cans; also includes new scrap materials that result as by-products when metals are processed and products are manufactured. Steel scrap is recycled in steel mills to make new steel products. Read more..