A bottom-up approach (self-assembly processes) is a term used to describe one of two ways to fabricate nanometre size elements of integrated electronic circuits. This is by building nanostructures from atoms and molecules by their precise positioning on a substrate. Read more..

Carbon nanotube – naturally self-organized nanostructure in the form of a tube composed of carbon atoms with completed bonds. There are two general forms, which are single-wall and multiwall nanotubes. Read more..

Light reflectance is a term used to describe the fraction of the total luminous flux incident upon a surface that is reflected, generally a function of the colour (wavelength) of the light. Read more.

Morphology is a term used to describe the study of the physical form and structure (see below) of a material and include a broad specter of characteristics. Fibre morphology contains macro-structure, micro-structure, sub-microscopic and fine structure of fibres, which are only observable through a light microscope. Read more..

Nano-phase material is a general term to describe any material made up of phases that have dimensions of the order of nanometers. An ultrafine single solid phase were at least one dimension is in the nanometre range, usually dimensions are between 1–20 nm Read more..

Nanomaterials are the novel engineered formed materials and fabric’s constructions at the nanometric scale. At nanoscale, completely new and different material property is possible, assembled with extremely accurate measurements at atomic level devices, materials and fabrics that are 100 times stronger than steel. Read more..

The scale of nanotechnology is a general term identified from relate to objects from 1 to 100 nm. Thus a nanosecond is one billionth of one second; a nanometre (nm) is one billionth of one metre, and so on. Objects that can be classified as having something to do with nanotechnology are larger than atoms but much smaller than we can perceive directly with our senses. Read more..

Nanotechnology represents the design, characterization, production, and application of structures, devices, and systems, by controlling shape and size of the Nanometre scale.’ Thus, nanotechnology products are those derived from the phenomena and physicochemical characteristics occurring at the dimension of less than 100nm. Read more..

Parts per million by volume (ppmv) is a measurement term used to describe the number of parts of a chemical found in one million (1,000,000) parts of a particular gas, liquid, or solid. Read more..

Parts Per Trillion (ppt) is a measurement term used to describe the Number of parts of a chemical found in one trillion (1,000,000,000,000) parts of a particular gas, liquid or solid. Read more..

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is any of class microscopic procedures that use electrons rather than visible light to produce magnified images, particularly of objects having dimensions smaller than the single wavelengths of perceivable light, with linear magnification approaching or exceeding a million (106). See Nanoscale.