A concept is a well-defined, clearly written, and apparently visual description of the new product idea that includes its primary features and consumer advantage, read more.

Cradle to Cradle design also referred to as Cradle to Cradle, C2C, cradle two cradles, it is a holistic industrial, economic, and social framework that seeks to create systems that are not only efficient but also essentially waste free. Read more..

Cradle to crave is a term used to describe the one-way, linear material flows (out and input) that exist in industrialised societies (see life cycle assessment LCA). Resources are extracted, manufactured into products, used and often disposed of in a landfill or waste to energy facility. Read more..

Design for disassembly is a way to make products so that it can easily and cost effectively be taken apart at the end of the life to recapture materials for recycling. However, this require a high degree of understanding how different material is recycled, for example.. Read more..

Down-cycling is a term used to describe a consequence of design failures to provide products a status as defined biological nutrients or technical nutrients (cradle to cradle). Read more..

Eco-effectiveness is an approach to design promoted by McDonough and Braungart in their acclaimed book cradle to cradle. It looks for more than the incremental change that can be achieved through an ‘eco-efficiency’ approach by completely rethinking the design of products and services based on sustainability principles. Read more..

Life cycle thinking describes a thought process that considers environmental impacts over the entire life cycle of a product and not just at one point (e.g. manufacturing or recovery). Read more..